Single, Independent Women, in the 16th Century

Single, Independent Women, in the 16th Century

You may be surprised to learn that marriage in the 16th century was not required, nor a foregone conclusion, for all women of this time period. In addition to spinsters, who were older women that had never been married, there were widows that lost their husband, women...
Atheism in Shakespeare’s England

Atheism in Shakespeare’s England

To live in England during Shakespeare’s lifetime was to be Protestant, or at least as far as the Queen was concerned. The lack of religious freedom in early modern England doesn’t mean alternate belief systems did not exist, only that they were hidden. One powerful...
Globes: Making 16th Century Maps of the World

Globes: Making 16th Century Maps of the World

It is a frequent misconception that people from Shakespeare’s lifetime believed the world was flat. In fact, the publication of the world on a spherical globe was not only well established across Europe by Shakespeare’s lifetime, but there are numerous portraits...
Muckhills and Public Sanitation

Muckhills and Public Sanitation

Even William Shakespeare had to take out the garbage. In his hometown of Stratford Upon Avon, public waste was managed through a system of piles known as muck hills. In 1552, William Shakespeare’s father, John Shakespeare, was charged a fine for one of these muck...
Paracelsus, the Father of Chemistry

Paracelsus, the Father of Chemistry

In the late 16th to early 17th century, a medical movement saw a meteoric rise in popularity known as Paracelsianism. Based on the writings of a physician who had died in 1541, the movement developed quite a cult following, with many claiming Paracelsus was able to...