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One of the heroes of American history and the story of the survival of the English colonists at Plymouth in the mid 17th century is a man named Squanto. His given name was Tisquantum, but he came to be known as Squanto. He was a native American interpreter and guide for early English colonists. While little is known about his early life, some scholars believe that he was taken from home to England in 1605 by George Weymouth and returned to his native homeland with explorer John Smith in 1614–15. His almost decade long residence in London coincides with when Shakespeare was writing plays about shipwrecked colonists encountering native tribes on mysterious far away islands. Our friends, and previous guests to the show for Thanksgiving last year (see that episode here) are father and son history team, David and Aaron Bradford.
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David is a 13th generation direct descendant of Plymouth Colony Governor William Bradford and a life member with the Society of Mayflower Descendants in the State of Delaware where he currently serves as Governor. Since 2013 in conjunction with American Liberty Tours of West Chester, PA, David has been portraying William Bradford and sharing Bradford’s account of Pilgrim history with senior centers, schools, and historical societies in DE and PA.
For the past 25 years, Aaron shared a love for history from the Era of Jamestown through the American Civil War at historic sites, educational venues, and in historical films. He is a Certified Interpretive Guide with the National Association of Interpretation, Interpretive Supervisor with Coastal Heritage Society, interpretive ranger at Colonial Wormsloe, and offers engaging tours and educational programs as Liberty Encounters in Savannah, Georgia, and beyond.
Beginning in 1990, David was founder of a quality management and behavior-based safety training and consulting firm before becoming the Quality & Safety Manager for the prime contractor at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Wallops Flight Facility on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Over the years David has held leadership positions with various Quality, Safety, Home School and Historical organizations and for over 25 years has served as an Elder in the Bible Fellowship Church of Newark.
AARON BRADFORD
Aaron discovered a passion for history as a young child when he learned that he is a direct 14th generation descendant of Plymouth Colony Governor William Bradford. For the past 25 years, Aaron shared a love for history from the Era of Jamestown through the American Civil War at historic sites, educational venues, and in historical films. After earning a B.A. in History Education from the University of Delaware, Aaron served as an educator and historical interpreter at Pamplin Historical Park near Petersburg, Virginia. He served as the Education Chair and is the Social Media Assistant for the Society of Mayflower Descendants in the State of Delaware. He is a Certified Interpretive Guide with the National Association of Interpretation, Interpretive Supervisor with Coastal Heritage Society, interpretive ranger at Colonial Wormsloe, and offers engaging tours and educational programs as Liberty Encounters in Savannah, Georgia, and beyond.
David and Aaron Bradford are a father and son team. They are 13th and 14th generation descendants respectively of the Plymouth Colony governor William Bradford. They are the historians behind the forthcoming 1620 Experience.
Help the 1620 Experience come to life! Donate to their crowdfunding campaign here. Support the 1620 Experience at the Moviebank.tv website.
I’ll be asking David and Aaron Bradford about:
Who was George Weymouth and why was Squanto on the ship with him going back to Europe?
Was Squanto living in London when Shakespeare was there?
What do we know about Squanto’s interaction with the Pilgrims when they arrived in Plymouth in 1620?
As the Bradfords indicate during our conversation today, there’s much controversy about dates and accurate details for Squanto’s life. I encourage you to research these dates for Squanto’s Travels independently to get a broader picture of what we know (and what we don’t). but this diagram of his travels to and from the New World in the early 17th century will give you a ballpark version of Squanto’s life from 1605-1619. Public Domain. Source
You will hear many references to Indian tribes in today’s episode. This map will help you understand the locations and distribution of tribes in the area where the Pilgrims landed. The Patuxet tribe were located at Plymouth (shown in the center of this map). The Nauset are who kidnapped a Pilgrim boy, John Billington, that Squanto helped to return safely. | This file is licensed under the Creative CommonsAttribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. | photo enhanced by AnthroMimus in March 2017 | Source
These maps, some from the early 17th century, outline the tribal areas inhabited in the areas of New England where the Pilgrims first landed.
Scroll through the map or click on specific images to see them enlarged. Source links are included as well so you can see and download larger versions of the maps.
Map of New England from Cape Cod to Newfoundland in 1625 | Purchas, Samuel, ed. (1625). Hakluytus posthumus, or, Purchas his Pilgrimes. Contayning a history of the world, in sea voyages, & lande-travells, by Englishmen and others …. London: Imprinted for H. Fetherston | Public Domain | SourceJohn Fiske, The Beginnings of New England (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1899) | Map of Southern New England in 17th century | Source | Public DomainTribal territories of Southern New England tribes about 1600 | Nikater; adapted to English by Hydrargyrum | This file is licensed under the Creative CommonsAttribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. | SourceMap drawn by Samuel de Champlain of Plymouth Harbor in 1605 showing native habitations | hand drawn map | File from National Park’s Serive Archaeology Program Website | Public Domain | Source Frontispiece to William Wood, New Englands Prospect (London: for John Bellamie, 1634) | Unknown author | Public Domain |Source
Based on John Smiths 1614 voyage along the New England coast, this is the first printed map devoted specifically to this region. It is also the first to use the name “New England”for an area that had up until this time been called “North Virginia.”Smith, who is more commonly associated with the founding of Virginia, was commissioned to survey the coastline north of New York in preparation for the settlement of another English colony. This map was used to guide the Pilgrims to Plymouth and also led John Winthrop to the Charles River in 1629. | Uploaded by Gary Dee | This file is licensed under the Creative CommonsAttribution 2.0 Generic license. | Source
Squanto was kept as a slave in Malaga, Spain, shown here 40 years before Squanto would arrive. Georg Braun; Frans Hogenberg: Civitates Orbis Terrarum, Band 1, 1572 (Ausgabe Beschreibung vnd Contrafactur der vornembster Stät der Welt, Köln 1582; [VD16-B7188) Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg http://diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/braun1582bd1 | Public Domain | Source
Visit of Samoset to the Colony. among them, and greeted them in a few English words, which he hadlearned from the fishermen and other voyagers on tlie coast of Maine, 1621.) FIRST INTERCOURSE WITH INDIANS. 401 his home being on the Pemaquid. This mans name was Samoset,but why he was so far from home is not clear. He may The visit ofhave been brought and left in the neighborhood by Captain inJian^!^Dermer, who had twice been upon this coast, making his s^n^^set.second voyage only the previous summer. On his first voyage hevisited the place, which, he said, in Captain Smiths map is calledPlimouth. And, he adds, I would that the first Plantation mighthere be seated, if there come to the number of Fifty persons, or up-wards. 1 From this Samoset they learned that the Indian name of the placethey had settled upon was Patuxet, and that about four years beforeall the inhabitants had been swept off by a plague. | Source | From an old book about Pilgrims and history. No known copyright on the image.
Captain George Weymouth impressing the native chiefs with his magnetized sword. Image from “Stories of Maine” By Sophia Miriam Swett Published by American book company, 1899, pg. 24 | SourceCaption: “Algonquin Indians, by Champain.” Champlain’s illustration of Southern New England Algonquin Native Americans.| Ford, Worthington C. (1912). History of Plymouth Plantation 1620–1647. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Company for The Massachusetts Historical Society. Vol. I, p. 197. | Engraving of work by Samuel Champlain: Carte Geographique de la Nouelle Franse (1612) | Public Domain | SourceEngraving of a Pequot fort on Block Island in 1637 with design similar to the description of Nenepashemet’s fort observed by Plymouth settlers in 1621 | Detailed photo-facsimile of the “Mystic massacre” in New England. Below the photo image is an ink manuscript caption: “Facsimile made by Edward Bierstadt, from the original in the library of the New York Historical Society, of the Map in “Newes from America,” an account of the Pequot War, by Captain John Underhill, published in London in 1638. The Fort referred to was “Seabrooke Fort” and “Lyes upon a River called Conetticut at the mouth of it,” and “the destroying” occurred May 19, 1637.”| Engraver unknown. Author of folio was John Underhill (1597-1672). Photo-Facsimile by Edward Bierstadt (1824–1906) | Photo Facsimile made circa 1870. The original was made in 1638. | Public Domain | SourceSquanto or Tisquantum teaching the Plymouth colonists to plant corn with fish. | Bricker, Garland Armor. The Teaching of Agriculture in the High School. New York: Macmillan, 1911. Page 112. | Public Domain | Source
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